William Tang
Physicist William Tang has won a highly competitive $100,000 Global Impact Award from NVIDIA Corp., the leading producer of graphics processing units (GPUs), for carrying out artificial intelligence (AI) computing. This award was one of two presented at the NVIDIA national GPU technology conference held March 26-29 in San Jose, California.
Tang, a principal research physicist at the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL) is a lecturer with the rank and title of professor in Princeton University’s Department of Astrophysical Sciences. He leads a team of scientists that is using modern NVIDIA GPU’s to develop a form of AI machine learning called “deep learning” to predict and mitigate the onset of dangerous disruptive events capable of terminating fusion reactions in doughnut-shaped devices known as “tokamaks.”
The team, working through the Princeton Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (PICSciE) at Princeton University, has sharply increased the speed and accuracy of disruption predictions. The researchers now seek to develop the software for enabling control systems to avoid plasma disruptions in ITER, the $25 billion international fusion facility under construction in France to demonstrate the achievability of fusion power.
Fusion, the power that drives the sun and the stars, is the fusing of light elements in the form of a plasma — a hot, charged state of matter composed of electrons and atomic nuclei, that produces massive amounts of energy. Scientists are seeking to replicate fusion on Earth by producing a safe and virtually inexhaustible supply of power for generating electricity.
“This most welcome and timely recognition brings excellent attention to Princeton’s deep learning research and development to help establish the feasibility of producing fusion energy,” said Tang. “It also highlights the powerful connection between deployment of advanced GPU technology and accelerated understanding of major scientific endeavors such as the quest for fusion energy.”
Tang’s team has developed software called the “Fusion Recurrent Neural Network (FRNN)” code that has markedly improved the speed and accuracy of predictions of disruptions using vast amounts of data provided by the Joint European Torus (JET) that is located in the United Kingdom. The software was developed on the Tiger cluster of GPUs at Princeton University to demonstrate for the first time the ability of deep learning methods to predict disruptive events at an accelerated and more accurate pace.
Chief architect of the FRNN is Julian Kates-Harbeck, a graduate student at Harvard University and a DOE Office of Science Computational Science Graduate Fellow. Also included on the team are Eliot Feibush, a computational scientist and experienced data analyst at PPPL, and Alexey Svyatkovskiy, a leading deep learning/AI expert at Princeton University’s PICSciE.
Going forward, the group plans to further develop the FRNN software to meet the ITER requirements of 95 percent correct predictions of disruptions, with fewer than 5 percent false alarms at least 30 milliseconds before the onset of disruptions. Achieving this goal will mark a major step forward in controlling fusion energy.
Support for this work has primarily come from Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funds provided by PPPL. Support also comes from the DOE Computational Science Graduate Fellowship Program and from Princeton University’s Office of Information Technology and PICSciE.
PPPL, on Princeton University's Forrestal Campus in Plainsboro, New Jersey, is devoted to creating new knowledge about the physics of plasmas — ultra-hot, charged gases — and to developing practical solutions for the creation of fusion energy. The laboratory is managed by the University for the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Science, which is the largest single supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time.
