Solids: Thermodynamics and Bonding

· Electron Distributions associated with more than one atomic state may combine to form "Hybridized" molecular bonds.
· Hybridization Costs Energy, but the energy is more than recovered in the Molecular binding.
· Examples of combining "s-" and "p-" orbitals to give (sp²) and (sp³) hybrid orbitals are shown in the diagram. (sp²) is planar, (sp³) is three dimensional.

From: Guy, "Introduction to Materials Science," McGraw Hill (1972)