A Brief History of Human Powered Transportation

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Leonardo da Vinci turned his skills to many topics. The diagram shows a wing design for a human powered craft, probably an ornithopter, sketched in about 1485. The flapping mechanism seems to be actuated by a hand crank and the wing design has a cambered surface, as do those of birds. Although recorded in his manuscripts, scientific publication was not a strong component of Leonardo's scientific contributions. The ornithopter concept was also a poor one with which to attempt human-powered flight.

From: Gibbs-Smith, "Flight Through the Ages," Crowell (1974)