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A
crystal structure is composed of two components, a space part - the Bravais
Lattice, and a chemistry part - the Basis. Making the crystal structure
requires that the Basis be placed at each lattice point of the Bravais
lattice with the same orientation and composition.
The
metal, copper, has a face centered cubic crystal structure. To generate
this crystal, a basis of one copper atom is placed on the lattice points
of the face centered cubic Bravais lattice.
The
insulator, diamond, also has a face centered cubic crystal structure. To
generate this crystal, a basis of two carbon atoms is placed on each lattice
point of the face centered cubic bravais lattice. The pair of atoms must
have the same orientation at each lattice point. If one corner of the unit
cell is made the origin, the coordinates of the carbon atoms of the basis
placed at the origin are: (0 0 0) and (1/4 1/4 1/4).
This crystal structure may also be regarded as two interpenetrating fcc
structures with carbon atoms at each lattice point, the two lattices having
their origins displaced by (1/4 1/4 1/4).
This crystal structure occurs in the semiconductors Silicon and Germanium
and is known as the Diamond Cubic structure. |
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