The exam will be divided into three parts. The first part is multiple choice, consisting of 15 questions. This part tests mostly empirical information contained in readingsand lectures. The second part consists of 5 of 7 short answer questions that follow the format of the midterm test.

The third part is an essay question. Essay questions broadly cover the topics of US inequality in comparative perspective, gender inequality, and welfare reform. You will be given quotes in each of these three areas, and asked to discuss the quotes. The quotes are quite provocative. Do not be tempted to reply in similar fashion. Good essays will make an argument. For instance, say you're given a quote from Ronald Reagan claiming the benefits of small government and reduced social spending. A good way to start the essay would be as follows: ``In this essay I argue that the benefits of reduced social spending should be assessed in light of its costs. I begin by describing the main areas of social spending in the United States. I then assess the effects of American social programs. Finally, I discuss the likely effects of social spending reductions.''

Instead of trying to cram everything you know about a given topic into the essay, you should try to make an argument and advance empirical and theoretical evidence for this argument. We're not interested in opinion or comprehensive coverage. We're interested in analysis.

Finally, the exam concentrates on material from the second half of the semester, but you will be called upon to use information from the first half, particularly in the short-answer section.